Timeline of the peace process
From the 1949 armistice to the talks of 2026: every agreement, process and initiative in the order they happened.
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The timeline shows agreements, processes and initiatives next to a few key events. Each item leads to its full page and sources.
- The 1948 war The 1949 Armistice Agreements
- The 1949 Armistice Agreements Ceasefire
To stop the fighting and fix temporary military lines until a peace settlement could be reached.
- The 1967 war: Israel takes Sinai, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and the Golan Heights The 1949 Armistice Agreements
- The 1973 war The Sinai Disengagement Agreements (1974, 1975)
- The Sinai Disengagement Agreements (1974, 1975) Ceasefire
To pull the armies apart after the war and open a path to negotiation.
- Israel–Syria Disengagement Agreement Ceasefire
To stabilise the ceasefire after the 1973 war and move the two armies apart on the Golan Heights.
- Sadat's Visit to Jerusalem Event
To break the psychological barrier and show that an Arab leader and Israel could talk directly and in public.
- The Camp David Accords Framework
To turn the breakthrough of Sadat's visit into an agreed plan: peace between Egypt and Israel, and autonomy for the Palestinians.
- Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty Peace
To end the state of war between Israel and Egypt: all of Sinai in exchange for full peace.
- Anwar Sadat is assassinated in Cairo; the treaty stays in force Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty
- Israel completes its withdrawal from Sinai Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty
- Israel–Lebanon Agreement of 17 May 1983 Not in force
To end the state of war between Israel and Lebanon and arrange the Israeli army's departure from Lebanon after the 1982 war.
- The London Agreement (Peres–Hussein) Talks
To open Israeli–Jordanian–Palestinian negotiations under the umbrella of an international conference.
- Israel–Syria peace talks, 1991–2008 Talks
To replace the disengagement line on the Golan Heights with a full peace treaty between Israel and Syria.
- The Madrid Conference Event
To seat all the parties to the Arab–Israeli conflict at direct talks for the first time.
- Letters of Mutual Recognition Framework
To turn two sides that refused to recognise each other into formal negotiating partners.
- Oslo I – the Declaration of Principles Interim
To replace confrontation between Israel and the PLO with step-by-step negotiation: temporary Palestinian self-government first, a permanent settlement after.
- The Paris Protocol and the Gaza–Jericho Agreement Interim
To turn the Oslo principles into a first reality on the ground: an Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho, a Palestinian Authority and a shared economic framework.
- The Washington Declaration Framework
To declare publicly the end of the state of belligerency and open the way to a full peace treaty.
- Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty Peace
To turn decades of secret contacts into open peace: an agreed border, shared water and full relations.
- Oslo II – the Interim Agreement Interim
To extend Palestinian self-government from Gaza and Jericho to the towns and villages of the West Bank until a permanent settlement is reached.
- Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated at the end of the peace rally in Tel Aviv Oslo II – the Interim Agreement
- The Hebron Protocol, the Wye River Memorandum and the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum Interim
To restart the stalled implementation of the Interim Agreement: a redeployment in Hebron, further redeployments in the West Bank and a timetable for permanent status.
- The withdrawal from Lebanon, the Blue Line and Resolution 1701 Ceasefire
To set a line against which Israel's departure from Lebanon could be checked and, after the 2006 war, to leave only state and UN forces in southern Lebanon.
- The Camp David Summit, 2000 Talks
To reach, in a single summit, a permanent settlement between Israel and the Palestinians on all the core issues.
- The Second Intifada breaks out The Roadmap
- The Clinton Parameters Initiative
To sketch, weeks before Clinton left office, the outline of a permanent settlement that both sides could accept.
- Taba talks Talks
A last-minute attempt to turn the Clinton Parameters into a permanent agreement, two weeks before an Israeli election.
- Arab Peace Initiative Initiative
To offer Israel a comprehensive deal: withdrawal from the territories occupied in 1967 and a Palestinian state, in return for peace and normal relations with all Arab states.
- The People's Voice – the Ayalon–Nusseibeh Statement of Principles Initiative
To put the principles of a permanent-status deal on one page, so that ordinary Israelis and Palestinians could declare their support for them.
- The Roadmap Initiative
To take the two sides out of the Second Intifada and lead them, phase by phase, to a permanent two-state settlement by 2005.
- The Geneva Initiative Initiative
To show, article by article, that a full permanent-status agreement between Israel and a Palestinian state can be written.
- Disengagement from the Gaza Strip Unilateral
To take the settlements and the army out of the Gaza Strip by Israeli decision, without waiting for negotiations.
- Hamas takes control of the Gaza Strip Disengagement from the Gaza Strip
- Annapolis conference and the Olmert–Abbas talks Talks
To reach a permanent agreement between Israel and the Palestinians by the end of 2008.
- Two states in partnership: confederation models Initiative
To propose a way for two sovereign states to share one space: a border that exists but is more open, and joint institutions for joint matters.
- The Kerry talks Talks
To reach a permanent agreement within nine months, or at least an agreed framework for continuing.
- The Trump plan ("Peace to Prosperity") Initiative
To set out a US outline for permanent status: Israeli sovereignty over a large part of the West Bank and a demilitarised, conditional Palestinian state in the rest.
- The Abraham Accords – the framework declaration Framework
To open public relations between Israel and Arab states that had never fought it, without waiting for an Israeli–Palestinian settlement.
- Israel–Bahrain normalization agreement Normalization
To establish full diplomatic relations between Israel and a small Gulf kingdom, following the UAE.
- Israel–UAE normalization treaty Normalization
To turn quiet contacts between Israel and a Gulf state into full, public relations: embassies, flights, trade and cooperation.
- Sudan and the Abraham Accords Normalization
To move Sudan from hostility toward Israel to official relations, alongside its removal from the list of state sponsors of terrorism.
- Israel–Morocco: resumption of relations Normalization
To resume official relations between Israel and Morocco, cut during the Second Intifada, and to open direct flights and economic cooperation.
- Israel–Lebanon maritime boundary agreement Boundary
To set an agreed line in the Mediterranean so that both countries could explore for gas and produce it without risking a clash.
- The Hamas-led brutal terrorist attack of 7 October and the war in Gaza The Gaza ceasefire and the US 20-point plan
- The Olmert–al-Kidwa proposal Initiative
To offer, during the war in Gaza, both a way to end it and the baselines of a two-state agreement.
- Israel–Lebanon cessation of hostilities, November 2024 Ceasefire
To stop the war between Israel and Hezbollah and leave only the forces of the Lebanese state in southern Lebanon.
- The Assad government falls in Syria Israel–Syria security talks, 2025–2026
- Israel–Syria security talks, 2025–2026 Talks
To reach a security arrangement in southern Syria after the fall of the Assad government and the Israeli army's entry into the area of separation.
- The New York Declaration and the wave of recognitions of the State of Palestine Initiative
To rally an international majority behind tangible steps towards a sovereign Palestinian state beside Israel, and to state that Hamas would have no part in it.
- The Gaza ceasefire and the US 20-point plan Ceasefire
To stop the war in Gaza, bring the hostages back, and replace Hamas rule in the Strip with a transitional administration under international oversight.
- A new war in Lebanon Israel–Lebanon cessation of hostilities, November 2024
- Israel–Lebanon–United States Trilateral Framework, 2026 Framework
To chart a path from a fragile ceasefire to ending the state of war: a phased Israeli withdrawal in return for verified disarmament of weapons not held by the Lebanese state.