Israel and Jordan · 26 October 1994

Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty

A full peace treaty between two states – Israel's second with an Arab state. It does not determine the status of the West Bank.

In 30 seconds

On 26 October 1994, in the Arava, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Jordan's Prime Minister Abdul Salam Majali signed a peace treaty, led by King Hussein and in the presence of President Clinton³. It set the border, water shares and diplomatic relations. It is still in force, but political relations are very tense.

Where it stands today

As of October 2026 the treaty is in force, and security coordination and the water supply it provides for continue¹⁰. Political relations are at a low point: Jordan recalled its ambassador in November 2023 and formally ended his mission in July 2026 without naming a successor, and Israel has had no ambassador in Amman since October 2023⁸¹⁰.

Hussein, Clinton and Rabin in Washington, 25 July 1994, ahead of the October peace treaty · White House

In one sentence

To turn decades of secret contacts into open peace: an agreed border, shared water and full relations.

The challenge

Israel and Jordan share their longest border, and their leaders had met in secret for many years. Jordan needed water, an agreed border and recognition of its role in Jerusalem; Israel wanted a quiet eastern border and a neighbour that was not part of a hostile alliance.

The way opened after the Oslo agreement, and the Washington Declaration ended the state of belligerency in July 1994. The negotiators included Elyakim Rubinstein, Efraim Halevy and Shimon Peres on the Israeli side, and Fayez Tarawneh and Prince Hassan on the Jordanian side¹.

The road there

25 July 1994The Washington Declaration ends the state of belligerency.
17 October 1994The treaty is initialled in Amman¹.
25 October 1994The Knesset approves: 105 in favour, 3 against, 6 abstentions².
26 October 1994The treaty is signed at the Arava crossing³.
6 November 1994Jordan's parliament ratifies: 55 in favour, 23 against⁴.
10 November 1994The instruments of ratification are exchanged at Beit Gabriel on the Sea of Galilee¹.
10 November 2019The special regime at Naharayim/Baqura and Tzofar/Al-Ghamr ends, and Jordan resumes full control of both areas⁵.

The people

Led: Yitzhak Rabin · King Hussein of Jordan
Negotiated: Shimon Peres · Elyakim Rubinstein · Efraim Halevy · Prince Hassan bin Talal · Fayez Tarawneh
Signed: Yitzhak Rabin · Abdul Salam Majali
Witnessed: Bill Clinton

What was agreed

The border follows the Mandate-era boundary line, with minor adjustments, and without prejudice to the status of territories that came under Israeli military government control in 1967³⁶.
Security: no use of force or threats, no joining hostile alliances, and preventing terrorism from either side's territory³.
Water: the waters of the Yarmouk and the Jordan are shared in fixed seasonal quantities, and the parties cooperate to find Jordan an additional 50 million cubic metres a year of drinking-quality water³.
Jerusalem: Israel respects Jordan's present special role in the Muslim holy shrines, and will give high priority to this historic role in the permanent-status talks³.
Refugees and displaced persons: to be dealt with in multilateral frameworks, including a committee with Egypt and the Palestinians, and in the permanent-status negotiations³.
Naharayim/Baqura and Tzofar/Al-Ghamr: Jordanian sovereignty, with Israeli private land-use rights for 25 years, renewed automatically unless one year's notice is given⁷.
Full diplomatic relations and an exchange of ambassadors within a month of ratification³.

Read the document

The geography

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Layers · Legend

Place names Cities Boundary and separation lines

International boundary agreed in a peace treaty
Treaty line with Jordan, “without prejudice to the status” of the territory beyond it
1949 armistice line (“Green Line”) — not an agreed final border
“Blue Line” — UN line of withdrawal (2000), not a border
Ceasefire / disengagement line with Syria (1974)
Other international boundary
West Bank and Gaza Strip: permanent status not agreed
Golan Heights: held by Israel since 1967; annexation not recognised by the UN
UN area of separation (UNDOF)

Classification follows the original research as of 7 Oct 2026. This schematic map is not a legal boundary map or a live update.

International boundary agreed in a peace treaty
Treaty line with Jordan, “without prejudice to the status” of the territory beyond it
1949 armistice line (“Green Line”) — not an agreed final border
“Blue Line” — UN line of withdrawal (2000), not a border
Ceasefire / disengagement line with Syria (1974)
Other international boundary
West Bank and Gaza Strip: permanent status not agreed
Golan Heights: held by Israel since 1967; annexation not recognised by the UN
UN area of separation (UNDOF)

Schematic map. Lines are approximate and are not a legal determination. Data: Natural Earth (public domain), 1:10m scale; line classification and place names by this site. Lines as of October 2026. Peace map

The hard decisions

Israel recognised Jordanian sovereignty over land that Israeli farmers had worked, and settled for use rights for a limited period⁷.
In Jordan's parliament, 23 deputies voted against the treaty⁴, and opposition to normalisation with Israel continued in Jordan afterwards.
The core issues between Israel and the Palestinians – Jerusalem and the refugees – were explicitly left to other negotiations³.

What was carried out

Border crossings and embassies opened, and the two countries exchanged ambassadors⁸. According to reports, Israel transfers about 50 million cubic metres of water a year to Jordan under the treaty⁹¹⁰.
On 26 September 2016 a contract was signed to supply Israeli gas to Jordan's national electricity company: 45 billion cubic metres over 15 years, for about 10 billion dollars¹¹. The gas began to flow in January 2020¹².

What was not

The Prosperity declaration of intent (Israel, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, 22 November 2021) – Jordanian solar power for Israel and desalinated water for Jordan – never became an agreement¹³. On 16 November 2023 Jordan's foreign minister said Jordan would not sign it¹⁴.
The broad civilian cooperation the treaty outlined developed only in part, and ambassadors are absent on both sides⁸.

What changed in real life

There has been no war between the two countries since 1994, and they have an agreed border³.
Israel supplies Jordan with water and natural gas¹⁰¹¹.

What remains open

The special regime at Naharayim/Baqura and Tzofar/Al-Ghamr was not renewed: King Abdullah II gave notice in October 2018, and it expired on 10 November 2019⁵. This was a step the treaty itself allowed⁷.
In 2021 it was agreed that Israel would sell Jordan an additional 50 million cubic metres a year. According to a July 2026 report, the arrangement lapsed in November 2025 and was not renewed: Jordan asked for a five-year renewal, and an Israeli official said Israel supplies the water required under the treaty and has no obligation to provide additional quantities¹⁰.
The Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif remains a constant point of friction; in September 2026 Jordan protested over visits to the site¹⁵.

Photos, videos and quotes

This is peace with dignity. This is peace with commitment.

King Hussein of Jordan · Signing ceremony of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, Arava/Araba crossing, 26 October 1994
Official White House transcript, in English. The Hebrew and Arabic translations are the site's own, not official texts.
Quote source: The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Clinton White House archive, US National Archives)

You died as a soldier for peace and I believe it is time for all of us to come out openly and to speak of peace.

King Hussein of Jordan · Eulogy at Yitzhak Rabin's funeral, Mount Herzl, Jerusalem, 6 November 1995
English text attributed to Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as reproduced by the Jewish Virtual Library; the ministry's own page was not located. The translations are the site's own, not official texts.
Quote source: Jewish Virtual Library, reproducing Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

6 November 1995 Iconic moment

Israel - Rabin's Funeral & Eulogies

Rabin's funeral and the eulogies, Jerusalem, 6 November 1995 – archive footage. The description rests on the video title; which eulogies it contains was not verified.

At the funeral King Hussein eulogised Rabin as a brother, colleague and friend – only a year after the two signed the peace treaty. President Mubarak, President Clinton and Rabin's granddaughter Noa Ben Artzi also spoke.

AP Archive · Opens on the source site in a new tab

26 July 1994 Iconic momentNot from an official or archival channel

King Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin Address US Congress July 1994

King Hussein and Prime Minister Rabin address a joint meeting of the US Congress, Washington, 26 July 1994. Uploaded by a private channel, not an official one.

A day after signing the Washington Declaration, which ended the state of belligerency between Israel and Jordan, the two stood side by side in Congress. Rabin described himself as a soldier in the army of peace; three months later the peace treaty was signed.

reds6476 · Opens on the source site in a new tab

26 October 1994 Iconic moment

"שלום בין חיילים, ביו אנשים": חתימת הסכם השלום בין ישראל לירדן | היום לפני

Signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty at the Arava/Araba crossing, 26 October 1994 – a retrospective report by Kan News, Israel's public broadcaster, in Hebrew

Israel's second peace treaty with an Arab state was signed in the desert, on the border line itself, with King Hussein, Rabin and President Clinton present. It settled the border and water sharing and remains in force today.

כאן | חדשות - תאגיד השידור הישראלי · Opens on the source site in a new tab

26 October 1994 Iconic momentNot from an official or archival channel

President Clinton at Signing of the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty (1994)

President Clinton at the signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, Arava/Araba crossing, 26 October 1994

clintonlibrary42 · Opens on the source site in a new tab

26 October 1994 Not from an official or archival channel

Israel/Jordan - Signing Of Peace Treaty

Signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, 26 October 1994 – archive footage. The description rests on the video title; the video itself was not viewed.